February 25, 1998 March 12, 1998
• Shirkii Wadatashiga Garoowe waxaa kasoo qeybgalay wakiilo gobollada Waqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya,
iyadoo wadatashigu ku salaysnaa sidii dadka deegaanka ay u dhisan lahaayeen maamul ay ku
midaysan yihiin si ay uga badbaadaan amni-darrada iyo jahwareerka siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya
May 15, 1998 August 1, 1998
§ Shirweynihii Dastuuriga ee Garoowe oo ay kasoo qeybgaleen Issimada Puntland iyo 480-Ergay oo ka
socda shan Gobol (Bari, Nugaal, Mudug, Sool, iyo Sanaag) iyo hal Degmo (Degmada Buuhoodle)
§ Shirweynahaasi waxaa lagu dhisay Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya waxaana Garoowe loo doortay
inay noqoto Caasimadda Dowladda Puntland
§ Shirweynahaasi waxaa lagu ansixiyay Axdiga KMG ah ee Puntland (August 1998 June 2001),
waxaana la dhisay Garsoor madaxbanaan iyo Baarlamaan ka kooban 66-xubin oo lagu xulay qaab
qabiil, Baarlamaankuna wuxuu doortay Madaxweyne iyo Madaxweyne-ku-xigeen xilli KMG ah oo dhan
muddo sadex sano ah
August 1, 1998 30 June 2001
§ Madaxweynihii hore ee Dowladda Puntland Md. Cabdullahi Yusuf Axmed iyo Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenkii
hore Md. Maxamad Cabdi Xaashi ayaa hogaamiyey Puntland sadexdii sano ee xilligii KMG ahaa
July 1, 2001 May 17, 2003
§ Puntland waxaa hareereeyey khilaaf siyaasadeed waxaana jiray isku dhac hubaysan oo ka
dhaxeeyey labo dhinac oo isku maandhaafay siyaasadda Puntland
§ Labada dhinac waxay Boosaaso ku saxiixeen heshiis nabadeed May 17, 2003
May 17, 2003 January 8, 2005
§ Md. Cabdullahi Yusuf Axmed ayaa ahaa Madaxweynaha Puntland ilaa October 10, 2004, xilligaas oo
loo doortay Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyey ee Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya (TFG)
§ Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenkii Puntland Md. Maxamad Cabdi Xaashi ayaa la wareegay hogaanka
Dowladda Puntland wuxuuna hayay xilka Madaxweyne ilaa doorashada January 8, 2005
January 8, 2005
§ Md. Maxamud Muuse Xirsi (Cadde Muuse) iyo Md. Xasan Dahir Maxamud (Afqurac) ayaa loo doortay
Madaxweynaha iyo Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Dowladda Puntland
December 2006
§ Madaxweynaha Puntland ee xilligaas Md. Cadde Muuse ayaa soo saaray Dikreeto Madaxweyne oo ka
kooban shan qodob kuna saabsanayd: 1) dib eegidda qabyo-qoraalka Dastuurka Puntland; 2)
magacaabida Guddi Doorasho; 3) wacyigelinta bulshada; 4) afti u qaadida Dastuurka; iyo 5) qorshaha
doorashooyinka Puntland
February 2007
§ Madaxweynihii xilligaas Md. Cadde Muuse ayaa magacaabay Guddiga Dib-u-eegida Dastuurka oo ka
kooban 14-xubnood, Guddigaas oo wada-shaqayn iyo xiriir farsamo la lahaa heydaha PDRC,
Interpeace iyo heyadaha kale ee taageera arrimaha dimuqraadiyeynta
§ Guddigaas ayaa dib u eegay qabyo qoraalka dastuurka wuxuuna Guddigu wadatashi la sameeyey
qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada
June 2, 2008
§ Guddiga dib-u-eegida Dastuurka ayaa Golaha Wasiirada Puntland ee xilligaasi usoo bandhigay qabyo
qoraalka Dastuurka, iyadoo uu Goluhu ka dooday, ansixiyay una gudbiyay Baarlamaanka Puntland
qabyo qoraalkii Dastuurka Puntland
November 2008
§ Guddiga KMG ah ee Doorashooyinka Puntland ayaa loo magacaabay waafajinta shuruudaha
xubnimada Baarlamaanka cusub ee Dowladda Puntland
2 of 2
January 8, 2009
§ Md. Cabdiraxman Maxamad Maxamud (Farole) iyo Md. Cabdisamad Cali Shire ayaa loo doortay
Madaxweynaha iyo Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Dowladda Puntland
February 2009
§ Madaxweyne Farole ayaa magacaabay Wasiiru-dowlaha Madaxtooyadda ee Nidaamka
Dimuqraadiyeynta iyo Arrimaha Federaalka
§ Dowladda Puntland ayaa si sharci ah uga codsatay Baarlamaanka Puntland inuu dib usoo celiyo qabyo
qoraalkii Dastuurka Puntland, si loogu sameeyo dib u eegis iyo wadatashi bulsho loona waafajiyo
Shareecada Islaamka iyo qaanuunka caalamiga ah
June 15, 2009
§ Baarlamaanka Puntland ayaa ansixiyay qabyo qoraalka Dastuurka Puntland, ka dib markii ay ka
doodeen ayna ansixiyeen Golaha Wasiirada Puntland
Geedi-socodka Dimuqraadiyeynta Puntland
January 2, 2011
§ Baarlamaanka Puntland ayaa ansixiyay Xeerka Guddiga Doorashada Puntland
July 17, 2011
§ Guddiga Doorashada Puntland ee KMG ah ayaa la dhisay
November 29, 2011
§ Baarlamaanka Puntland ayaa ansixiyay Xeerka Aftida Dastuurka Puntland
April 18, 2012
§ Shirweynihii Ergada Ansixinta Dastuurka Puntland ee Garowe ayaa si rasmi ah u ansixiyay Dastuurka
Puntland, iyadoo ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen Issimada, qeybaha bulshada Puntland, Wasiiro ka socda
TFG, wakiilo ka socda Beesha Caalamka iyo Qaramada Midoobay, iyo saxaafadda madaxbanaan
§ Maxkamada Sare ee Puntland ayaa ansixisay natiijadii codeyntii Dastuurka Puntland oo uu ku
dhawaaqay Gudoomiyaha Guddiga Doorashada Puntland
June 2012
§ Baarlamaanka Puntland ayaa ansixiyay Xeerka Doorashooyinka Golayaasha Deegaanka
September 2, 2012
§ Baarlamaanka Puntland ayaa ansixiyay Xeerka Ururada Siyaasadda Puntland
September 11, 2012
§ Guddiga Doorashada Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqay bilowga xilliga furitaanka Ururada Siyaasadeed ee
Puntland
November 13, 2012
§ Iyadoo tixgalinaysa soo jeedin ka timid Guddiga Doorashada Puntland ayaa Baarlamaanka Puntland
waxay wax ka bedeleen Xeerka Ururada Siyaasadda si loo fududeeyo diiwaangelintooda waxaana nus
la dhimay khidmadii diiwaangelinta ururada
September 11 December 31, 2012
§ Waxaa Puntland looga dhawaaqay sagaal Urur Siyaasadeed
December 31, 2012
§ Iyadoo maalintaasi ay ku ekeyd xilliga diiwaangelinta, ayaa Guddiga Doorashada Puntland waxay ku
dhawaaqeen in lix Urur Siyasadeed si rasmi ah loo diiwaangeliyay ayna buuxiyeen shuruudihii
§ Ururada Siyaasadda oo buuxiya shuruudihii nidaamka diiwaangelinta oo dhan ayaa ka qeybgali doona
doorashooyinka Golayaasha Deegaanka, oo ku beegan May 2013
January 1, 2013 January 8, 2014 (Qorshaha Mustaqbalka)
§ Doorashooyinka Golayaasha Deegaanka waxaa xigi doona:
Ku dhawaaqista Sadexda Xisbi siyaasadeed oo rasmiga ah, si waafaqsan Dastuurka Puntland
o Sadexda xisbi ayaa midkiiba xubno cusub usoo magacaabi doonaa Guddiga Doorashada
Puntland oo rasmiga ah, Guddigaas oo hagi doonaa doorashooyinka Baarlamaanka iyo
Madaxtooyadda Dowladda Puntland
o Doorashada xubnaha Baarlamaanka cusub ee Dowladda Puntland
o Doorashada Madaxweynaha iyo Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Dowladda Puntland
o Nidaamka Geedi-socodka (Roadmap) Dimuqraadiyeynta Puntland waxaa diyaariyey soona
bandhigay Guddiga Doorashada Puntland
Timeline for Puntland Constitutional and Democratization Process
Transitioning from Clan-Based Government System to Constitutional System of Multiparty Democracy
in Puntland State of Somalia
January 1, 2013
February 25, 1998 March 12, 1998
• Garowe Consultative Conference attended by communities of Northeastern Somalia, with consultative
discussions centered on establishing a shared administration in light of growing insecurity and political
disorder in Somalia
May 15, 1998 August 1, 1998
• Garowe Constitutional Convention attended by titled traditional elders and 480 Convention Delegates
from five Administrative Regions (Bari, Nugal, Mudug, Sool, and Sanaag) and one District (Buhodle)
• Convention establishes Puntland State of Somalia and agrees on Garowe as Capital City of Puntland
State of Somalia
• Convention approves a Provisional Charter (August 1998 June 2001), with an independent Judiciary,
a 66-member clan-based Parliament nominated by Puntland traditional elders that elects a
President and Vice President for a three-year interim period
August 1, 1998 June 30, 2001
• The first President of Puntland H.E. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed and Vice President H.E. Mohamed Abdi
Hashi serve a three-year interim period
July 1, 2001 May 17, 2003
• Puntland undergoes a period of constitutional crisis leading to armed dispute between two political
factions
• On May 17, 2003, the two political factions sign a peace agreement in Bossaso
May 17, 2003 January 8, 2005
• H.E. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed continues to serve as President of Puntland, until October 10, 2004, when
Yusuf was elected as President of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia
• The Puntland Vice President H.E. Mohamed Abdi Hashi assumes power as President of Puntland, until
presidential election of January 8, 2005
January 8, 2005
• H.E. Mohamud Muse Hersi (Adde Muse) and H.E. Hassan Dahir Mohamud (Afqurac) elected as
President and Vice President of Puntland, respectively
December 2006
• Puntland President H.E. Adde Muse issues a five-point presidential decree, highlighting issues of: a)
constitutional review process; b) nomination of electoral commission; c) public dissemination; d)
referendum; and e) local and parliamentary elections
February 2007
• Puntland President H.E. Adde Muse appoints 14-member Constitution Review Committee, to work with
local and international partners, including PDRC and Interpeace for technical and financial support
• Constitution Review Committee reviews the Draft Constitution and conducts public consultations and
public dissemination of Draft Constitution
June 2, 2008
• Constitution Review Committee presents Draft Puntland Constitution to Puntland Council of Ministers,
which debates, approves and submits the Draft Constitution to the Puntland Parliament
November 2008
• Temporary Puntland Electoral Commission is nominated to conform set of criteria for new Members of
Parliament selected by traditional elders and civil society
2 of 2
January 8, 2009
• H.E. Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamud (Farole) and H.E. Abdisamad Ali Shire elected as President and
Vice President of Puntland, respectively
February 2009
• President Farole nominates Puntland State Minister of the Presidency for Democratization Process and
Federal Affairs
• Puntland Government requests Puntland Parliament to return Draft Constitution to Government for
further review and public consultations, to conform to Islamic law and international standards
June 15, 2009
• Puntland Parliament approves revised draft of the Puntland Constitution, reviewed and approved by the
Puntland Council of Ministers
Puntland Democratization Milestones
January 2, 2011
• Puntland Parliament approves Puntland Electoral Commission Law
July 17, 2011
• Transitional Puntland Electoral Commission (TPEC) established
November 29, 2011
• Puntland Parliament approves Puntland Referendum Law
April 18, 2012
• The Puntland Constituent Assembly convention adopts the Puntland Constitution in Garowe, in the
presence of titled traditional elders, Puntland civil society, TFG Ministers, international diplomats and
donor community members, United Nations representatives, and local and international media
• Puntland Supreme Court certifies and endorses constitutional adoption
June 2012
• Puntland Parliament approves Puntland Local Elections Law
September 2, 2012
• Puntland Parliament approves Puntland Political Associations Law
